Latvijas tūrisma vēsture 100+ gados

Kā nelielu velti Latvijai 100 gadu jubilejā “Lauku ceļotājs” sagatavojis informatīvu materiālu par to, kā esam ceļojuši iepriekšējos laikos – 100+gados.

Pirmajā mirklī šķiet, ka laikā starp divām revolūcijām un Pirmo pasaules karu cilvēkiem ir bijušas citas prioritātes un ceļojumi nav bijuši ikdienas “darba kārtības” jautājums, taču tieši tad ir tapuši mūsdienās pazīstami tūrisma objekti, ir iznākuši tūrisma ceļveži un kartes, dibinātas tūrisma biedrības, izdoti regulāri preses izdevumi, darbojušies populāri kūrorti, un, neskatoties uz salīdzinoši ierobežotām transporta iespējām, ceļojumi noritējuši, sākot no Kurzemes piekrastes līdz pat Rāznas ezeram un vēl tālākiem Latvijas nostūriem. Šobrīd ir savākts bagātīgs faktu un foto materiāls, un šajā procesā saņēmām lielu atbalstu no tūrisma informācijas centriem – paldies! Rezultātā ir tapis materiāls, kur ļoti koncentrētā veidā tiek atspoguļoti interesanti fakti par Latvijas tūrisma vēsturi simts gadu griezumā.

Izdevuma vienā pusē atrodama Latvijas karte ar populārām tūrisma vietām vēstures kontekstā, bet otrā pusē – dažādi ar ceļošanu saistīti fakti, sākot no aizvēstures līdz mūsdienām, kā arī īss “Lauku ceļotāja” darbības vēsturiskais apskats. Izdevums nepretendē uz akadēmiska vēstures materiāla statusu, taču aicina ikvienam izpētīt savas dzimtas, pagasta, novada vai pat reģiona ceļošanas un tūrisma vēsturi.

Karte izdota latviešu valodā. Pieejama lejupielādējot pdf formātā https://www.celotajs.lv/lv/p/view/LVturisms100_karte . Vai drukātā versijā to pirmo reizi saņemt varēs pasākumā “Lauki ienāk pilsētā” 8. septembrī no 10.00 – 20.00 Rīgā, Krastmalā https://www.celotajs.lv/lv/news/item/view/827“Lauku ceļotāja” stendā. Atnāciet! Pie mums būs Laimes rats ar atjautības jautājumiem par ceļošanu ar mazākām un lielākām balvām, Latvijas valstiskuma ceļu karte un maršruti, Vēsturiskā agro-mantojuma karte, būs skaistas lauku kartiņas, kuras ar Latvijas pasta palīdzību, mums kaimiņos, varēsiet nosūtīt draugiem kaut visā pasaulē!

COMMENTS

  • <cite class="fn">steroids and sex</cite>

    Athletes want education on complement benefits and risks, personalised vitamin counseling, and evidence-based hydration strategies
    to optimize performance and recovery whereas ensuring safety.
    When tailoring your complement technique, it is important to contemplate the dietary info of every product.
    Creatine, whether within the type of monohydrate or phosphate,
    presents distinct advantages that can be aligned along with your fitness
    targets and dietary wants. This consists of a creatine molecule linked to orotic
    acid, a precursor for nucleic acids (the elements
    of DNA and RNA molecules that are found in genes), which help within the functioning of the
    cells and in the utilisation of energy. It is actually creatine monohydrate, however micronised, which
    suggests the creatine molecules have been divided or cut,
    rising the surface area by about 20 instances. Every molecule is 88% creatine and 12% water, which means 1 gram of creatine monohydrate supplies 880 mg of creatine.
    Effervescent Creatine
This type of creatine is just creatine monohydrate
    mixed with sodium
and sugar in the form of a powdered drink mix.

    Walzel et al. noticed that there could additionally be an existence of not solely cytosolic,
    but also a mitochondrial creatine pool, via the observance of CreaT isoforms inside the
    mitochondria [8]. These researchers concluded that the mitochondria “may symbolize a significant compartment of creatine transporter localization, thus providing a new side to the current debate concerning the existence and whereabouts of intracellular creatine and PCr compartments.” To keep away from most unwanted aspect effects, take creatine
    monohydrate with meals and break up the gram
    every day dose into multiple smaller ones during a loading part, or
    skip the loading phase altogether and stick to 3-5 grams daily.
    Supplementing creatine normally increases the shop of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in your muscle
    cells, and that leads to enhance stamina to raise extra weights and do more reps.
    There are actually a quantity of types of creatine beyond just creatine hcl
    vs monohydrate.
    Different studies have shown that when compared to creatine monohydrate, Kre-alkalyn is
    superior to monohydrate and improves endurance, VO2 Max, and power [R,R,R].
    The potential benefits of creatine salts over CM embody enhanced aqueous
    solubility and bioavailability which would reduce back their attainable gastrointestinal antagonistic effects [63].
    The possibility for new further formulation similar
    to tablets or capsules is attention-grabbing for its therapeutic software because of its attributed higher dissolution kinetics and oral
    absorption compared to CM [63]. However more full in vivo pharmaceutical
    evaluation of creatine salts are required to completely
    elucidate their potential advantages/disadvantages over
    the at present obtainable complement formulations.

    “Athletes or opponents in search of fast enhancements could discover loading beneficial, particularly earlier than an occasion or training cycle,” says Kuza.

    This is particularly important for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, these taking medications, or those who have
    specific well being concerns or objectives. The journey of creatine within the
    body is a testament to its biological prowess. Creatine monohydrate is renowned
    for its high bioavailability, which refers again to the proportion of the
    substance that enters the circulation when launched into the body and is thus in a position to have an active impact.
    Creatine phosphate, whereas less studied, additionally
    performs a crucial position in the body’s power methods.
    Creatine phosphate, also referred to as phosphocreatine or PCr, is a phosphorylated creatine molecule with sixty two.3% creatine and 37.7% phosphate.
    Creatine Anhydrous
Creatine anhydrous is creatine
    monohydrate with the water eliminated. It offers barely more creatine than creatine
    monohydrate on a gram-per-gram foundation, nevertheless it has by no means been shown to
    be more practical.
    These components influence the effectiveness of the complement and its
    capacity to help muscle power and cognitive features. Creatine
    HCL’s superior solubility is usually cited as its primary benefit over Creatine Monohydrate.
    This attribute theoretically permits for sooner and more environment friendly absorption in the
    body. Nevertheless, scientific evidence instantly evaluating the
    absorption charges of creatine hcl vs monohydrate is
    limited, and most claims about HCL’s superior solubility
    come from manufacturer claims or preliminary research.

    These are kinds of creatine linked to molecules of malic acid, a naturally occurring
    acid found in fruits and vegetables, found in larger quantities in apples,
    cranberries, grapes and cucumbers. It is also widely used as a food additive (E-296), because of
    its flavouring and acidity regulating properties.
    Whereas Tri-Creatine Malate has three malic acid molecules, Di-Creatine Malate
    has 2.
    What would bring HCL into the combo is its capacity to be absorbed quicker
    into your body so the outcomes would, in principle, work quicker (4).

    With not much analysis it is tough to definitively say that HCL
    would work better. Strictly from a research-backed facet, monohydrate is a
    protected guess when supplementing with creatine to support your objectives
    and talent to perform. Creatine supplementation in patients with chronic heart failure and related animal studies have not proven any beneficial impact on medical outcome, neither on myocardial creatine concentrations [178,179,180].
    The transmembrane Creatine-Transporter (CrT) appears to be the limiting factor in this matter [181].
    Question remains if other creatine-analogues that pass intracellular
    with out the need of CrT might show of better help in cardiovascular ailments.
    The energy deficiency resulting from native hypoxia throughout an ischemic coronary heart attack results
    in mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can have arrhythmogenic consequences and result in sudden cardiac dying [182,183,184].

    Inside the analysis world, most creatine monohydrate dietary supplements used are micronized,
    which is just creatine monohydrate with smaller mesh-size particles.
    Different forms of creatine monohydrate can be found for manufacturers to use with some being micronized and others not.

    Not each micronized-creatine-containing
    complement may have “micronized” listed on the label.
    Some will list it as Creapure™ and others will just list it as
    creatine monohydrate, which is what we do with PeriRx.

    Muscle hypertrophy is outlined by an increase in muscle mass and, subsequently,
    an increase in muscle dimension.
    These newer forms have been presupposed to have better
    physical and chemical properties, bioavailability, efficacy, and/or security profiles than creatine
    monohydrate [1]. Nonetheless, there’s little to no proof that any of the
    newer types of creatine are more effective and/or a safer form of
    creatine than CrM whether or not ingested alone and/or in combination with different vitamins [1].
    Stories since the early Eighties have advised that creatine metabolism
    and/or availability could have antidepressive results [312,313,314,315,316,317,318].
    For example, the creatine precursor SAMe has been reported to be an effective treatment
    for clinical depression. Allen and colleagues [319]
    reported that rats fed creatine diets (4%) for 5 weeks altered depression-like habits in response to pressured swim training in a
    sex-dependent method, with female rats displaying an antidepressant-like response.
    Ahn and coworkers [320] reported that a single therapy of creatine or exercise has
    partial results as an antidepressant in mice with chronic mild stress-induced depression and that
    combining creatine and exercise promoted greater advantages.

    Creatine monohydrate and creatine ethyl ester are the two main supplemental types of
    creatine. General, creatine monohydrate is the gold commonplace form that is reasonably priced, protected, and extremely effective
    for improving train performance. Some folks expertise bloating and water weight acquire when starting creatine monohydrate.
    Malate is more expensive, but the muscle mass built on it has higher high quality.

    Synthesis of creatine in the body is a long-term process, whereas nutrients containing this ingredient allow us to ship it
    to the body nearly immediately. Creatine, as soon as it’s found
    in muscle fibre cells, enters the mitochondria and is
    involved in the formation of ATP.
    If you choose to not do a loading phase,
    you need to consume between 3-5 grams of creatine
    every day. During a creatine load, you’ll consume a great
    amount of creatine in a brief time period.
    We would suggest that a person who chooses to make use of dietary dietary
    supplements verify that their producer of alternative provides ample evidence that
    their supplements are efficient, adhere to
    cGMP tips, and have some type of third party batch testing in place.
    If you’re looking for dietary supplements that exceed these criteria, we do produce a
    small line of evidence-based dietary supplements which are rigorously examined.

    Overall, creatine supplementation most likely doesn’t increase
    the risk of male sample baldness in men without any
    kind of genetic predisposition to the condition. However in case your aim is to take care of lean mass or improve endurance efficiency, Kre-Alkalyn is the greatest way to go.
    With Kre-Alkalyn, you’ll get about 10% more absorption than monohydrate, but it will also have less of a
    negative impact on your abdomen.
    Creatine use can improve efficiency in high-intensity occasions (e.g., weight coaching, sprints, etc).
    The vitality needs of brief, fast and powerful movements lasting fewer than 10
    seconds, similar to a short dash, are met by the phosphagen system.
    This system rapidly replenishes the shops of
    adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which provides power to the working cells.

    Muscle Tissue have an existing amount of ATP hanging around ready
    for action, however solely slightly bit — enough for a few seconds.

    A single dose can induce modifications in the brain’s vitality
    homeostasis, as evidenced by alterations in phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratios (PCr/Pi), total creatine to N-acetylaspartate ratios (tCr/tNAA),
    and the prevention of pH degree drops. These biochemical shifts
    contribute to enhanced cognitive features and processing pace.
    Nevertheless, research recommend it may not be as efficient as monohydrate
    in rising muscle creatine levels. For a long time, creatine has been one of the most researched and widely used sports dietary supplements, proven to boost muscle efficiency, strength,
    and restoration.
    Mean peak concentrations and area beneath the curve (AUC) had
    been significantly greater with CPY (17 and 14%, respectively) in comparison to CM.
    The small differences in kinetics are unlikely to have any clinically
    related results on muscle creatine elevation during times of creatine loading.

    A follow-up research including muscle biopsies could be
    required to conclude if the bioavailability of this particular creatine salt was indeed higher (Fig. 8).
    Creatine supplementation is famend for its capability to
    significantly improve athletic efficiency by improving power,
    energy, and endurance in high-intensity exercises. Beyond its immediate
    effects on bodily performance, creatine also contributes
    to increased muscle mass.
    To detect a possible degradation of creatine, one should measure the
    content material of its degradation product, creatinine (see Fig. 3),
    which can be quantified by HPLC at levels as low as 67 elements per million (ppm).
    At room temperature and even at an elevated temperature
    of 40°C (104°F), CM shows no signs of degradation (i.e., creatinine
    levels stay beneath the quantification limit of sixty seven ppm) after greater than 3 
    years. 3 exhibits, even when saved at 60°C (140°F), creatinine (106 
    ppm) was solely detected after a interval
    of 44 months (Jäger 2003). In addition to creatine and its salts, derivatives of creatine such as creatine ester and even creatine alcohols are at present marketed as dietary
    supplements within the USA (see Fig. 2).
    New forms of creatine contain less of the lively principal
    creatine compared to CM; nevertheless, creatine salts can offer
    a bonus over CM with regard to solubility. New forms of creatine are marketed with claims of
    improved physical, chemical, and physiological properties compared to CM.
    Claims include improved stability when mixed with different components or in liquids, improved
    solubility in water, improved bioavailability, and even a rise in performance.
    This review will evaluate the available literature on new forms of creatine and evaluate them
    to out there data on CM in terms of efficacy and safety.
    In addition, the current international regulatory status of the varied forms of
    creatine which are commercially obtainable will be examined.
    Undoubtedly, Creatine Nitrate is a comparatively newer form of creatine
    supplementation. That’s why there’s restricted research obtainable on its specific unwanted effects compared to more established varieties like Creatine Monohydrate.

    If you’re new to creatine supplementation, you
    probably marvel which sort is best for you. In this double-blind examine, topics
    have been divided into four groups to match the consequences of creatine
    hcl vs monohydrate on athletic performance, plasma testosterone, and plasma cortisol.
    In this article, we’ll deep dive into the variations between these types of creatine dietary supplements.
    We’ll talk about every little thing from their security, effectiveness, and one of the only
    ways to make use of them. The problem is that creatine HCL is
    new, so very little analysis is on the market.

    On a mitochondrial stage fatty acid metabolism was altered, electron transport chain was disrupted,
    there was a larger want in glucose concentrations and better levels of lactate were shown [266].
    Higher creatinine excretion by way of urine was proven to correlate positively with
    fatigue and ache severity. Being the top product of
    creatine, this urine marker might indicate a better turnover and depletion of the body’s creatine storage [267].
    Extra current hypotheses state that these alterations have
    been caused by an activation of immune–inflammatory pathways as a end result of viral infections
    (e.g., Epstein Barr, Q Fever, Ross River Infection) [268].
    Dietary Supplements got in four equal doses and the volunteers had been instructed to ingest the dietary supplements immediately after their primary meal of the day.
    The placebo was given earlier than creatine in a single blind design (i.e., only the individuals were
    blinded) to avoid any carry over effect of creatine, considering its long-term washout
    interval. Placebo and creatine dietary supplements have been similar
    in appearance, and have been administered in flavored tablets
    containing 1 g of creatine and a pair of g of dextrose every.

    Whilst the long term results of creatine supplementation remain unclear, no definitive certainty of either a adverse or a constructive impact upon the
    physique has been decided for many health professionals and nationwide
    businesses [19,78]. For example the French Sanitary Company has banned the
    shopping for of creatine due to the unproven allegation that a possible impact of creatine supplementation could probably be that of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity from
    the production of heterocyclic amines [78]. Long time period and epidemiological data
    ought to continue to be produced and picked up to find out the protection of creatine in all healthy people underneath
    all conditions [78].
    Venison (deer meat), has 50% less fat than beef, making it a healthier purple meat
    different. It’s decrease in fat, excessive in creatine,
    protein, a wealthy source of omega three and omega 6 fatty acids (10).
    In common, the energetic chickens have more creatine than ones raised in cages and fed low-quality meals (6).
    ARJ served as the study coordinator, oversaw all testing, and assisted in information analysis and writing of the manuscript.
    EG assisted with information assortment and reviewed and accredited dietary data as
    the studies’ registered dietitian. MG assisted in experimental design, data
    evaluation, and manuscript preparation.
    Outcomes confirmed that each one groups’ vitality
    levels, endurance, stamina, and physique fat percentages elevated.
    That Means, each Kre-alkalyn and creatine monohydrate considerably
    enhance energy ranges and stamina, which help within the optimization of exercises.
    Your muscles are composed of roughly 70% water, so they need loads of water to perform optimally.
    This helps to extend muscle volume and strength by enhancing protein synthesis and stimulating muscular hypertrophy (growth).

    However, there are lots of various varieties of creatine which every claim to have certain benefits over the
    most popular and well-researched type, monohydrate.
    This way, kre-alkalyn has the ability to ship concentrated quantities of creatine
    with out the conversion to creatinine, which is
    the offender of lots of the unwanted effects. While some users could experience some digestive discomfort—entirely dependent on the individual—there aren’t any main unwanted effects linked
    to creatine monohydrate or micronized creatine. Micronized creatine is made by breaking creatine molecules down into smaller particles.
    Moreover, due to the smaller particle dimension, bioavailability and solubility
    is alleged to be higher with micronized creatine
    powders.

    References:

    steroids and sex

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