ES cenšas panākt vienotību pirmajā triecienā pret Trampa tarifiem

Eiropas Savienības valstis tuvākajās dienās centīsies iestāties vienotā frontē pret ASV prezidenta Donalda Trampa tarifiem, visticamāk, apstiprinot pirmo mērķtiecīgo pretpasākumu kopumu ASV importam līdz pat 28 miljardiem dolāru, sākot no zobu diega līdz dimantiem.

Šāds solis nozīmētu, ka ES pievienosies Ķīnai un Kanādai, nosakot atbildes tarifus ASV, agrīnā saasināšanās laikā, par ko daži baidās kļūt par globālu tirdzniecības konfliktu, sadārdzinot preces miljardiem patērētāju un iespiežot ekonomikas visā pasaulē recesijā.

27 valstu blokam no trešdienas draud 25% importa tarifi tēraudam, alumīnijam un automašīnām un “savstarpēji” tarifi 20% apmērā gandrīz visām pārējām precēm.

Trampa tarifi sedz aptuveni 70% no ES eksporta uz Amerikas Savienotajām Valstīm, kura kopējā vērtība pagājušajā gadā bija 532 miljardi eiro (585 miljardi ASV dolāru), un, iespējams, nodevas par varu, farmaceitiskajiem produktiem, pusvadītājiem un kokmateriāliem vēl ir gaidāmas.

Eiropas Komisija, kas koordinē ES tirdzniecības politiku, pirmdien piedāvās dalībvalstīm sarakstu ar ASV produktiem, kuriem tiks piemērotas papildu nodevas, reaģējot uz Trampa tērauda un alumīnija tarifiem, nevis plašākām savstarpējām nodevām.

Paredzēts, ka tajā tiks iekļauta ASV gaļa, labība, vīns, koks un apģērbs, kā arī košļājamā gumija, zobu diegs, putekļu sūcēji un tualetes papīrs.

Viens produkts, kam blokā ir pievērsta lielāka uzmanība, ir burbons. Komisija ir paredzējusi 50% tarifu, liekot Trampam draudēt ar 200% tarifu ES stiprajiem dzērieniem, ja bloks turpinās pretpasākumus.

Vīna eksportētājas Francija un Itālija ir paudušas bažas. ES, kuras ekonomika lielā mērā ir atkarīga no brīvās tirdzniecības, vēlas pārliecināties, ka tai ir plašs atbalsts jebkurai reakcijai, lai saglabātu spiedienu uz Trampu, lai galu galā viņš sāktu sarunas.

Luksemburga agrāk pirmdien rīkos pirmo ES mēroga politisko sanāksmi kopš Trampa paziņojuma par plašiem tarifiem, kad par tirdzniecību atbildīgie ministri no 27 ES dalībvalstīm apmainīsies viedokļiem par ietekmi un to, kā vislabāk reaģēt.

ES diplomāti norādīja, ka sanāksmes galvenais mērķis bija paust vienotu vēstījumu par vēlmi vienoties ar Vašingtonu par tarifu atcelšanu, bet gatavību reaģēt ar pretpasākumiem, ja tas neizdosies.

ES dalībvalstu vidū pastāv dažādi viedokļi par to, kā reaģēt. Francija ir paziņojusi, ka ES būtu jāstrādā pie paketes, kas ievērojami pārsniedz tarifus, un Francijas prezidents Emanuels Makrons ir ierosinājis Eiropas uzņēmumiem apturēt investīcijas ASV, līdz “lietas tiks noskaidrotas”.

Īrija, kuras gandrīz trešdaļa eksporta tiek novirzīta uz ASV, ir aicinājusi uz “pārdomātu un izsvērtu” atbildi, savukārt Itālija, ES trešā lielākā eksportētāja uz ASV, ir apšaubījusi, vai ES vispār vajadzētu dot pretsparu.

Līdzšinējās sarunas ar Vašingtonu nav nesušas augļus. ES tirdzniecības vadītājs Maross Sefcovičs savu divu stundu apmaiņu ar ASV kolēģiem piektdien raksturoja kā “atklātu”, jo viņš norādīja, ka ASV tarifi ir “kaitīgi, nepamatoti”.

Par sākotnējiem ES prettarifiem jebkurā gadījumā balsos trešdien, un tie tiks apstiprināti, izņemot gadījumus, kad pret to iebilst 15 ES dalībvalstu kvalificēts vairākums, kas pārstāv 65% ES iedzīvotāju. Tie stātos spēkā divos posmos, mazāka daļa — 15.aprīlī, bet pārējās — mēnesi vēlāk.

Komisijas prezidente Urzula fon der Leiena pirmdien un otrdien arī rīkos atsevišķas diskusijas ar tērauda, ​​autobūves un farmācijas nozares vadošajiem vadītājiem, lai novērtētu tarifu ietekmi un noteiktu, kā rīkoties tālāk.

 

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